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Cities > Mangshi City

Overview

Chinese Name: 芒市
English Name: Mangshi City
Climate: South Asian subtropical monsoon climate
Airport: Dehong Mangshi International Airport

Background

Mangshi, known as "Menghuan" in the Dai language, is the capital city of the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. It is located in the western part of Yunnan Province, in the southeastern part of the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, between 98°01′ and 98°44′ East longitude, and 24°05′ and 24°39′ North latitude. The city has a total area of 2900.91 square kilometers and belongs to a South Asian subtropical monsoon climate. Mangshi is a regional integrated transportation hub, with Dehong Mangshi International Airport approved as an international port airport, making it the third-largest branch airport in Yunnan Province and the closest international aviation port to Myanmar. It features a comprehensive transportation network that includes railways, highways, and airports, forming a transportation pattern of "three exits from the region and three exits from the state."

Location

Mangshi is located in the western part of Yunnan Province and the southeastern part of the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, situated between 98°01′ and 98°44′ East longitude and 24°05′ and 24°39′ North latitude. To the east and northeast, it borders Longling County in Baoshan City; to the southwest, it connects with the city of Ruili and the Wanting Economic Development Zone; to the west and northwest, it faces Lianghe County and Longchuan County across the Longjiang River (Longchuan River); and to the south, it borders Myanmar. The city is approximately 71 kilometers long from east to west and about 62 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 2900.91 square kilometers.

Climate

Mangshi has a South Asian subtropical monsoon climate characterized by long summers and short winters, abundant heat, long sunshine hours, small annual temperature differences, large daily temperature differences, distinct wet and dry seasons, and ample rainfall. The temperature is moderate, with no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. The altitude difference between the mountains and valleys reaches 2361 meters, resulting in a pronounced topographical climate that can be divided into low-heat basin climate, low-heat hilly climate, and subtropical mountain climate. According to years of measurements by meteorological departments, the maximum annual sunshine duration is 2713.3 hours, the minimum is 1834.9 hours, averaging 6.2 hours per day, with an annual average sunshine duration of 2252.9 hours. The average annual temperature is 19.6℃, with June being the hottest month at an average temperature of 23.9℃, while January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 12.2℃. Historical extreme temperatures reached a maximum of 36.2℃ and a minimum of -0.6℃, with frost-free periods lasting over 300 days. Rainfall distribution throughout the seasons is uneven, with an average of 225 mm in spring (13.6% of annual rainfall); 1015.9 mm in summer (61.4%); 361.9 mm in autumn (21.9%); and 51.8 mm in winter (3.1%). Mangshi is known to have one of the highest rainfall amounts in the province. Wind speed is generally low, and wind direction is stable with few variations. Southwesterly winds prevail throughout the year, with a relatively high frequency of calm wind, averaging 46% over the years, while strong gusts are rare.

Unique Festivals

Water-Splashing Festival

Known as "Bai Shuang Nan" in the Dai language, "Gong Pai" in the De'ang language, and "Jiao Hua Jie" in the Achang language, it is the most grand and ceremonious festival of the Dai New Year. According to popular legend, many years ago, there was a powerful demon king who was invulnerable. He kidnapped twelve beautiful girls to be his wives, and they all loathed him. The youngest girl, being clever and quick-witted, sought a way to kill the demon.One day, she learned the secret that using one of the demon's hairs to strangle him would be sufficient to decapitate him. However, after the demon's head fell, wherever it rolled would catch fire. To spare humanity from disaster, the twelve girls took turns holding the demon's head. As a result, people would wash the dirt off the girls with clean water, forming the tradition of the Water-Splashing Festival, held around late June or early July in the Dai calendar (mid-April in the Gregorian calendar), approximately ten days after the Qingming Festival. In April 1983, the First Session of the Eighth People's Congress of Dehong Prefecture established it as a traditional ethnic festival, with fixed dates from April 12 to 14 on the Gregorian calendar. On the festival morning, people present freshly picked flowers before the Buddha and before noon, move the Buddha statue out of the temple to be bathed. Then, according to seniority, they
respectfully splash water on each other using branches and leaves, symbolizing blessings. Singing, dancing, fireworks, and lanterns are also part of the festive celebrations, making it a lively occasion. The Dai, De'ang, and Achang ethnic groups believe that splashing water can dispel disasters and illnesses and promote good health; splashing water on each other represents respect, love, and well-wishing.

Munao Zongge Festival

The Munao Zongge Festival is a grand traditional ritual of the Jingpo ethnic
group, stemming from the story of the creation hero Nguangwa. The Jingpo
dialect refers to it as "Muna," while other dialects, such as Wa, Lashi, and
Lachi,  call it "Zongge," collectively known as "Muna Zongge," which means
dancing together. The festival is usually celebrated in the middle of the first lunar month. In April 1983, the First Session of the Eighth People's Congress of Dehong Prefecture decided that each year, the 15th and 16th days of the first lunar month would be designated as the Muna Zongge Festival. During the festival, people of all ages from the Jingpo ethnic group wear festive attire and gather early in the morning at the Muna Zongge Square to celebrate. The ceremony begins with drum beating, firecrackers, and musical performances, led by four respected elders wearing traditional hats adorned with beautiful peacock feathers or pheasant feathers, waving shiny Jingpo long blades while leading the festival procession, singing and dancing to the beat of the drums. In the center of the dancing area stands a tall "Muna Shidong" monument inscribed with the Muna Zongge route (representing the migration path of the Jingpo ancestors from the Tibetan Plateau southward), with people surrounding the monument, singing and dancing joyfully. The participation can range from hundreds to thousands, thus referred to as the "Dance of Thousands." The Muna
Zongge lasts from morning till late at night and is an impressive sight.

Aluwoluo Festival

The Aluwoluo Festival is a traditional festival of the Achang ethnic group, held in memory of the legendary Zhepa Ma and Zhemi Ma, who helped the people and brought blessings to humanity. This festival is celebrated on the fourth day of the first lunar month each year. During the festival, Achang people from near and far wear festive clothing, carrying handcrafted white elephants and green dragons adorned with red decorations, holding green branches and leaves, gathering in designated villages. They celebrate around the "Aluwoluo" monument erected in the center of the dance area, setting off firecrackers, singing "Woluo," and performing dragon and elephant dances to the sound of drums, resulting in a joyous revelry. On April 9, 1983, the First Session of the Eighth People’s Congress of Dehong Prefecture declared the "Aluwoluo Festival" to be a statutory holiday for the Achang ethnic group, to be held annually on March 20 of the Gregorian calendar, lasting for two days.

Kuo Shi Festival

Also known as the "La Ge" Festival, meaning New Year's Singing and Dancing Festival, it is a grand traditional festival of the Lisu ethnic group held on the ninth day of the first lunar month, lasting for two days. On April 9, 1983, the First Session of the Eighth People’s Congress of Dehong Prefecture designated it as a statutory ethnic festival for the Lisu people. The festival features a rich array of activities; on New Year's Eve, elders prepare offerings of wine, meat, and rice cakes to honor the deities and ancestors, thanking the farming oxen for their hard work over the year and giving the family dogs a taste of the festive food. People, dressed in festive attire, gather at a selected venue to play traditional instruments like the sheng, flute, pipa, and sanxian, engaging in music and dance that lasts throughout the night. Additionally, folk sports competitions like firecracking, crossbow shooting, and singing contests take place.

Famous Attractions

Mengbanaxi Race Garden

Mengbanaxi Rare Garden, meaning "a magical and beautiful place" in the Dai language, is located in Mangshi, Dehong Prefecture, with convenient
transportation just 7 kilometers from Mangshi Airport. It covers an area of over 300 acres, backed by the Leiyarang Mountain and Peacock Lake. As a national 4A-level tourist attraction, the garden features three exhibition halls and nine themed areas, including: a paleontology and petrified wood hall, a wonder stone and famous tree hall, a world-famous tree and large root art hall, as well as bamboo forests, egg flower gardens, bougainvillea gardens, banyan gardens, crepe myrtle gardens, osmanthus gardens, rare plant gardens, celebrity tree-planting gardens, and ancient tree and famous tree gardens. The garden houses over 300 century-old trees and four millennial-old trees, along with more than ten rare and endangered plant species.

Dai Ancient Town

The Dai Ancient Town is located northeastern part of Mangshi city, covering an area of approximately 1200 acres. The commercial area of the Dai Ancient Town includes a large dining street, a folk experience street, a starlight night market street, and various themed streets, along with cultural centers and performance venues. Since May 2022, the Dai Ancient Town has organized water-splashing celebrations and ethnic music and dance performances during holidays and festivals. The Dai Ancient Town has been established as a national 4A-level tourist destination, a provincial-level leisure street, and a national and provincial night cultural and tourism consumption aggregation area.

Xiaofo Cave

Xianfo Cave is located in the Fengchuipo area of Mengjiao Town, western
Mangshi, approximately 13 kilometers from the urban area, and is a national AAAA-level scenic spot. The cave belongs to the Jurassic geological strata of the Mungzha Formation and has a history of over 140 million years. The cave features a tour line of 2.8 kilometers and a vertical height difference of over 200 meters. Inside the cave, there are four groups, 26 scenic spots, and five natural wonders.

Local Specialties

Yunnan Small Grain Coffee

Yunnan Small Grain Coffee is a famous specialty of Dehong. Introduced from Myanmar in 1914, the coffee beans produced in Dehong, benefiting from unique natural conditions, are of excellent quality with a delightful flavor, characterized as "aromatic but not strong, rich but not bitter, with a hint of fruitiness," and praised by coffee experts both domestically and internationally as "one of the best quality coffees in the world."

Zhengfang Tribute Rice

Zhefang Tribute Rice is known as one of "China's top ten delicious rice" and one of "Yunnan's six famous rice varieties." It is a well-regarded product in Mangshi and represents the excellent rice cultivation culture of the border people in Mangshi. As early as in the ancient Southern Silk Road era, there was a saying, "In Xiaguan, it's windy; in Longling, it rains; Mangshi produces millet; and Zhefang rice is superior." The term "Zhefang rice" refers specifically to its quality. Zhefang Tribute Rice is known for being "fragrant, soft, not sticky when hot, not hard when cold, nutritious, and not greasy," often referred to as "rice that dances" because of the delightful aroma when chewed.

Shuanshuan Spicy

Shuanshuan Spicy is primarily found in the Dehong Dai and Jingpo
Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. It is said that if an elephant
accidentally touches it with its trunk, it will run wildly due to the intense
spiciness, continuously swinging its trunk, and locals refer to it as "elephant
trunk spicy." The distribution range of Shuanshuan Spicy is very limited; most of it is wild, with Mangshi having the strongest flavor, exceeding the spiciness of small chili peppers by over 20 times.
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